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The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused.
However, in recent research, Keasey found that six- year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage. (163 words)
8.According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the following points?
(A) The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
(B) The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm
(C) The intentions children have in perpetrating harm
(D) The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts
(E) The justifications children recognize for mitigating punishment for harmful acts
9.According to the passage, Keasey's findings support which of the following conclusions about six-year-old children?
(A)They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
(B)They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
(C)They do not understand the concept of public duty.
(D)They accept moral judgment made by their peers more easily than do older children.
(E)They make arbitrary moral judgments.
P4
1
The term "remote sensing" refers to the techniques of measurement and interpretation of phenomena from a distance.
“遥感” 这个词涉及远距离测量及解读信息的技术。
2
Prior to the mid-1960's the interpretation of film images was the primary means for remote sensing of the Earth's geologic features.
1960 年代中期以前，地质学特征的遥感主要是通过对胶片上图像的解读。
3
With the development of the optomechanical scanner, scientists began to construct digital multispectral images using data beyond the sensitivity range of visible light photography.
随着光学机械扫描仪的发展，科学家开始用超越可见光摄影敏感范围的数据，构建多光谱数码图像。
4
These images are constructed by mechanically aligning pictorial representations of such phenomena as the reflection of light waves outside the visible spectrum, the refraction of radio waves, and the daily changes in temperature in areas on the Earth's surface.
这些图像的构建，要通过对一些现象进行机械校准，像不可见光的反射，无线电波的折射，以及该区域内地表温度的日常变化。
5
The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known, and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing.
数码图像相较于胶片感光成像的优势显而易见：由大量数据产生的结果更精确，而且数据不会受制于各种难以掌控的化学步骤。
8. It can be inferred from the passage that a major disadvantage of photographic imaging in geologic mapping is that such photography
(A) cannot be used at night
(B) cannot focus on the details of a geologic area
(C) must be chemically processed
(D) is always enhanced by digital reconstruction
(E) cannot reflect changes over extended periods of time
选 C
细节题。
问传统办法的 major disadvantage 其实等于问新技术的 advantage，回到句 5：
The advantage of digital over photographic imaging is evident: the resulting numerical data are precisely known, and digital data are not subject to the vagaries of difficult-to-control chemical processing.
细节题是不是可以不读文章直接用关键字回溯文段来节省时间?
我个人觉得不能，因为很多细节题的问法是相对隐蔽的，不读懂文段大意，定位经常可能不准，一个稍微精致的干扰就能让人中招。而这种方法之所以听起来不错，因为它和所有事后诸葛一样。所以，老实点，不要想取巧了。